vim.md

   1 ---
   2 title: Vim
   3 category: Vim
   4 layout: 2017/sheet
   5 tags: [Featured]
   6 updated: 2020-07-05
   7 weight: -10
   8 intro: |
   9  [Vim](http://www.vim.org/) is a very efficient text editor. This reference was made for Vim 8.0.
  10  For shortcut notation, see `:help key-notation`.
  11 ---
  12
  13 Getting started
  14 ---------------
  15 {: .-three-column}
  16
  17 ### Exiting
  18 {: .-prime}
  19
  20 | Shortcut       | Description                      |
  21 | -------------- | -------------------------------- |
  22 | `:q`           | Close file                       |
  23 | `:qa`          | Close all files                  |
  24 | ---            | ---                              |
  25 | `:w`           | Save                             |
  26 | `:wq` _/_ `:x` | Save and close file              |
  27 | ---            | ---                              |
  28 | `ZZ`           | Save and quit                    |
  29 | `ZQ`           | Quit without checking changes    |
  30 {: .-shortcuts}
  31
  32 ### Navigating
  33
  34 | Shortcut            | Description       |
  35 | ---                 | ---               |
  36 | `h` `j` `k` `l`     | Arrow keys        |
  37 | `<C-U>` _/_ `<C-D>` | Half-page up/down |
  38 | `<C-B>` _/_ `<C-F>` | Page up/down      |
  39 {: .-shortcuts}
  40
  41 #### Words
  42
  43 | Shortcut     | Description               |
  44 | ---          | ---                       |
  45 | `b` _/_ `w`  | Previous/next word        |
  46 | `ge` _/_ `e` | Previous/next end of word |
  47 {: .-shortcuts}
  48
  49 #### Line
  50
  51 | Shortcut     | Description                        |
  52 | ---          | ---                                |
  53 | `0` _(zero)_ | Start of line                      |
  54 | `^`          | Start of line _(after whitespace)_ |
  55 | `$`          | End of line                        |
  56 {: .-shortcuts}
  57
  58 #### Character
  59
  60 | `fc`  | Go forward to character `c`  |
  61 | `Fc`  | Go backward to character `c` |
  62 {: .-shortcuts}
  63
  64 #### Document
  65
  66 | Shortcut    | Description              |
  67 | ---         | ---                      |
  68 | `gg`        | First line               |
  69 | `G`         | Last line                |
  70 | `:{number}` | Go to line `{number}`    |
  71 | `{number}G` | Go to line `{number}`    |
  72 | `{number}j` | Go down `{number}` lines |
  73 | `{number}k` | Go up `{number}` lines   |
  74 {: .-shortcuts}
  75
  76 #### Window
  77
  78 | Shortcut | Description              |
  79 | ---      | ---                      |
  80 | `zz`     | Center this line         |
  81 | `zt`     | Top this line            |
  82 | `zb`     | Bottom this line         |
  83 | `H`      | Move to top of screen    |
  84 | `M`      | Move to middle of screen |
  85 | `L`      | Move to bottom of screen |
  86 {: .-shortcuts}
  87
  88 #### Search
  89
  90 | Shortcut  | Description                         |
  91 | ---       | ---                                 |
  92 | `n`       | Next matching search pattern        |
  93 | `N`       | Previous match                      |
  94 | `*`       | Next whole word under cursor        |
  95 | `#`       | Previous whole word under cursor    |
  96 {: .-shortcuts}
  97
  98 #### Tab pages
  99
 100 | Shortcut              | Description                     |
 101 | ---                   | ---                             |
 102 | `:tabedit [file]`     | Edit file in a new tab          |
 103 | `:tabfind [file]`     | Open file if exists in new tab  |
 104 | `:tabclose`           | Close current tab               |
 105 | `:tabs`               | List all tabs                   |
 106 | `:tabfirst`           | Go to first tab                 |
 107 | `:tablast`            | Go to last tab                  |
 108 | `:tabn    `           | Go to next tab                  |
 109 | `:tabp    `           | Go to previous tab              |
 110
 111 ### Editing
 112
 113 | Shortcut | Description                         |
 114 | ---      | ---                                 |
 115 | `a`      | Append                              |
 116 | `A`      | Append from end of line             |
 117 | `i`      | Insert                              |
 118 | `o`      | Next line                           |
 119 | `O`      | Previous line                       |
 120 | ---      | ---                                 |
 121 | `s`      | Delete char and insert              |
 122 | `S`      | Delete line and insert              |
 123 | `C`      | Delete until end of line and insert |
 124 | ---      | ---                                 |
 125 | `r`      | Replace one character               |
 126 | `R`      | Enter Replace mode                  |
 127 | ---      | ---                                 |
 128 | `u`      | Undo changes                        |
 129 | `<C-R>`  | Redo changes                        |
 130 {: .-shortcuts}
 131
 132 ### Exiting insert mode
 133
 134 | Shortcut          | Description |
 135 | ---               | ---         |
 136 | `Esc` _/_ `<C-[>` | Exit insert mode |
 137 | `<C-C>`           | Exit insert mode, and abort current command |
 138 {: .-shortcuts}
 139
 140 ### Clipboard
 141
 142 | Shortcut        | Description                 |
 143 | ---             | ---                         |
 144 | `x`             | Delete character            |
 145 | ---             | ---                         |
 146 | `dd`            | Delete line _(Cut)_         |
 147 | `yy`            | Yank line _(Copy)_          |
 148 | ---             | ---                         |
 149 | `p`             | Paste                       |
 150 | `P`             | Paste before                |
 151 | ---             | ---                         |
 152 | `"*p` _/_ `"+p` | Paste from system clipboard |
 153 | `"*y` _/_ `"+y` | Paste to system clipboard   |
 154 {: .-shortcuts}
 155
 156 ### Visual mode
 157
 158 | Shortcut | Description             |
 159 | ---      | ---                     |
 160 | `v`      | Enter visual mode       |
 161 | `V`      | Enter visual line mode  |
 162 | `<C-V>`  | Enter visual block mode |
 163 {: .-shortcuts}
 164
 165 #### In visual mode
 166
 167 | Shortcut    | Description             |
 168 | ---         | ---                     |
 169 | `d` _/_ `x` | Delete selection        |
 170 | `s`         | Replace selection       |
 171 | `y`         | Yank selection _(Copy)_ |
 172 {: .-shortcuts}
 173
 174 See [Operators](#operators) for other things you can do.
 175
 176 ### Find & Replace
 177
 178 | Shortcut      | Description                            |
 179 | ---           | ---                                    |
 180 | :%s/foo/bar/g | Replace foo with bar in whole document |
 181
 182 Operators
 183 ---------
 184 {: .-three-column}
 185
 186 ### Usage
 187 {: .-prime}
 188
 189 Operators let you operate in a range of text (defined by *motion*). These are performed in normal mode.
 190 {: .-setup}
 191
 192 | `d`      | `w`    |
 193 | Operator | Motion |
 194 {: .-css-breakdown}
 195
 196 ### Operators list
 197
 198 | Shortcut | Description                     |
 199 | ---      | ---                             |
 200 | `d`      | Delete                          |
 201 | `y`      | Yank _(copy)_                   |
 202 | `c`      | Change _(delete then insert)_   |
 203 | ---      | ---                             |
 204 | `>`      | Indent right                    |
 205 | `<`      | Indent left                     |
 206 | `=`      | Autoindent                      |
 207 | ---      | ---                             |
 208 | `g~`     | Swap case                       |
 209 | `gU`     | Uppercase                       |
 210 | `gu`     | Lowercase                       |
 211 | ---      | ---                             |
 212 | `!`      | Filter through external program |
 213 {: .-shortcuts}
 214
 215 See `:help operator`
 216
 217 ### Examples
 218
 219 Combine operators with *motions* to use them.
 220 {: .-setup}
 221
 222 | Shortcut               | Description                               |
 223 | ---                    | ---                                       |
 224 | `d`_d_                 | _(repeat the letter)_ Delete current line |
 225 | `d`_w_                 | Delete to next word                       |
 226 | `d`_b_                 | Delete to beginning of word               |
 227 | _2_`dd`                | Delete 2 lines                            |
 228 | `d`_ip_                | Delete a text object _(inside paragraph)_ |
 229 | _(in visual mode)_ `d` | Delete selection                          |
 230
 231 See: `:help motion.txt`
 232
 233 Text objects
 234 ------------
 235 {: .-three-column}
 236
 237 ### Usage
 238 {: .-prime}
 239
 240 Text objects let you operate (with an *operator*) in or around text blocks (*objects*).
 241 {: .-setup}
 242
 243 | `v`      | `i`                  | `p`         |
 244 | Operator | [i]nside or [a]round | Text object |
 245 {: .-css-breakdown}
 246
 247 ### Text objects
 248
 249 | Shortcut               | Description           |
 250 | ---                    | ---                   |
 251 | `p`                    | Paragraph             |
 252 | `w`                    | Word                  |
 253 | `s`                    | Sentence              |
 254 | ---                    | ---                   |
 255 | `[` `(` `{` `<`        | A [], (), or {} block |
 256 | `'` `"` <code>`</code> | A quoted string       |
 257 | ---                    | ---                   |
 258 | `b`                    | A block [(            |
 259 | `B`                    | A block in [{         |
 260 | `t`                    | A XML tag block       |
 261 {: .-shortcuts}
 262
 263 ### Examples
 264
 265 | Shortcut    | Description                        |
 266 | ---         | ---                                |
 267 | `vip`       | Select paragraph                   |
 268 | `vipipipip` | Select more                        |
 269 | ---         | ---                                |
 270 | `yip`       | Yank inner paragraph               |
 271 | `yap`       | Yank paragraph (including newline) |
 272 | ---         | ---                                |
 273 | `dip`       | Delete inner paragraph             |
 274 | `cip`       | Change inner paragraph             |
 275 {: .-shortcuts}
 276
 277 See [Operators](#operators) for other things you can do.
 278
 279 ### Diff
 280
 281 | Shortcut                             | Description                              |
 282 | ---                                  | ---                                      |
 283 | `gvimdiff file1 file2 [file3]`       | See differences between files, in HMI    |
 284
 285
 286 Misc
 287 ----
 288
 289 ### Folds
 290
 291 | Shortcut      | Description                  |
 292 | ---           | ---                          |
 293 | `zo` _/_ `zO` | Open                         |
 294 | `zc` _/_ `zC` | Close                        |
 295 | `za` _/_ `zA` | Toggle                       |
 296 | ---           | ---                          |
 297 | `zv`          | Open folds for this line     |
 298 | ---           | ---                          |
 299 | `zM`          | Close all                    |
 300 | `zR`          | Open all                     |
 301 | ---           | ---                          |
 302 | `zm`          | Fold more _(foldlevel += 1)_ |
 303 | `zr`          | Fold less _(foldlevel -= 1)_ |
 304 | ---           | ---                          |
 305 | `zx`          | Update folds                 |
 306 {: .-shortcuts}
 307
 308 Uppercase ones are recursive (eg, `zO` is open recursively).
 309
 310 ### Navigation
 311
 312 | Shortcut            | Description                |
 313 | ---                 | ---                        |
 314 | `%`                 | Nearest/matching `{[()]}`  |
 315 | `[(` `[{` `[<`      | Previous `(` or `{` or `<` |
 316 | `])`                | Next                       |
 317 | ---                 | ---                        |
 318 | `[m`                | Previous method start      |
 319 | `[M`                | Previous method end        |
 320 {: .-shortcuts}
 321
 322 ### Jumping
 323
 324 | Shortcut | Description                  |
 325 | ---      | ---                          |
 326 | `<C-O>`  | Go back to previous location |
 327 | `<C-I>`  | Go forward                   |
 328 | ---      | ---                          |
 329 | `gf`     | Go to file in cursor         |
 330 {: .-shortcuts}
 331
 332 ### Counters
 333
 334 | Shortcut | Description      |
 335 | ---      | ---              |
 336 | `<C-A>`  | Increment number |
 337 | `<C-X>`  | Decrement        |
 338 {: .-shortcuts}
 339
 340 ### Windows
 341
 342 | `z{height}<Cr>` | Resize pane to `{height}` lines tall |
 343
 344 ### Tags
 345
 346 | Shortcut              | Description                                     |
 347 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 348 | `:tag Classname`      | Jump to first definition of Classname           |
 349 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 350 | `<C-]>`               | Jump to definition                              |
 351 | `g]`                  | See all definitions                             |
 352 | `<C-T>`               | Go back to last tag                             |
 353 | `<C-O> <C-I>`         | Back/forward                                    |
 354 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 355 | `:tselect Classname`  | Find definitions of Classname                   |
 356 | `:tjump Classname`    | Find definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st) |
 357 {: .-shortcuts}
 358
 359 ### Case
 360
 361 | Shortcut | Description                          |
 362 | ---      | ---                                  |
 363 | `~`      | Toggle case (Case => cASE)           |
 364 | `gU`     | Uppercase                            |
 365 | `gu`     | Lowercase                            |
 366 | ---      | ---                                  |
 367 | `gUU`    | Uppercase current line (also `gUgU`) |
 368 | `guu`    | Lowercase current line (also `gugu`) |
 369 {: .-shortcuts}
 370
 371 Do these in visual or normal mode.
 372
 373 ### Marks
 374
 375 | Shortcut           | Description                                          |
 376 | ---                | ---                                                  |
 377 | <code>`^</code>    | Last position of cursor in insert mode               |
 378 | <code>`.</code>    | Last change in current buffer                        |
 379 | <code>`"</code>    | Last exited current buffer                           |
 380 | <code>`0</code>    | In last file edited                                  |
 381 | <code>''</code>    | Back to line in current buffer where jumped from     |
 382 | <code>``</code>    | Back to position in current buffer where jumped from |
 383 | <code>`[</code>    | To beginning of previously changed or yanked text    |
 384 | <code>`]</code>    | To end of previously changed or yanked text          |
 385 | <code>`&lt;</code> | To beginning of last visual selection                |
 386 | <code>`&gt;</code> | To end of last visual selection                      |
 387 | ---                | ---                                                  |
 388 | `ma`               | Mark this cursor position as `a`                     |
 389 | <code>`a</code>    | Jump to the cursor position `a`                      |
 390 | `'a`               | Jump to the beginning of the line with position `a`  |
 391 | <code>d'a</code>   | Delete from current line to line of mark `a`         |
 392 | <code>d`a</code>   | Delete from current position to position of mark `a` |
 393 | <code>c'a</code>   | Change text from current line to line of `a`         |
 394 | <code>y`a</code>   | Yank text from current position to position of `a`   |
 395 | ---                | ---                                                  |
 396 | `:marks`           | List all current marks                               |
 397 | `:delm a`          | Delete mark `a`                                      |
 398 | `:delm a-d`        | Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`, `d`                      |
 399 | `:delm abc`        | Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`                           |
 400 {: .-shortcuts}
 401
 402 ### Misc
 403
 404 | Shortcut   | Description                                       |
 405 | ---        | ---                                               |
 406 | `.`        | Repeat last command                               |
 407 | `]p`       | Paste under the current indentation level         |
 408 | ---        | ---                                               |
 409 | `:set ff=unix` | Convert Windows line endings to Unix line endings |
 410 {: .-shortcuts}
 411
 412 ### Command line
 413
 414 | Shortcut     | Description                               |
 415 | ---          | ---                                       |
 416 | `<C-R><C-W>` | Insert current word into the command line |
 417 | `<C-R>"`     | Paste from " register                     |
 418 | `<C-X><C-F>` | Auto-completion of path in insert mode    |
 419 {: .-shortcuts}
 420
 421 ### Text alignment
 422
 423     :center [width]
 424     :right [width]
 425     :left
 426
 427 See `:help formatting`
 428
 429 ### Calculator
 430
 431 | Shortcut      | Description                               |
 432 | ---           | ---                                       |
 433 | `<C-R>=128/2` | Shows the result of the division : '64'   |
 434
 435 Do this in insert mode.
 436
 437 ### Exiting with an error
 438
 439     :cq
 440     :cquit
 441
 442 Works like `:qa`, but throws an error. Great for aborting Git commands.
 443
 444
 445 ### Spell checking
 446
 447 | Shortcut                     | Description                                             |
 448 | ---                          | ---                                                     |
 449 | `:set spell spelllang=en_us` | Turn on US English spell checking                       |
 450 | `]s`                         | Move to next misspelled word after the cursor           |
 451 | `[s`                         | Move to previous misspelled word before the cursor      |
 452 | `z=`                         | Suggest spellings for the word under/after the cursor   |
 453 | `zg`                         | Add word to spell list                                  |
 454 | `zw`                         | Mark word as bad/mispelling                             |
 455 | `zu` / `C-X (Insert Mode)`   | Suggest words for bad word under cursor from spellfile  |
 456 {: .-shortcuts}
 457
 458 See `:help spell`
 459
 460
 461 Also see
 462 --------
 463
 464 - [Vim cheatsheet](https://vim.rtorr.com/) _(vim.rotrr.com)_
 465 - [Vim documentation](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/) _(vimdoc.sourceforge.net)_
 466 - [Interactive Vim tutorial](http://openvim.com/) _(openvim.com)_