vim.md

   1 ---
   2 title: Vim
   3 category: Vim
   4 layout: 2017/sheet
   5 tags: [Featured]
   6 updated: 2020-07-05
   7 weight: -10
   8 intro: |
   9  [Vim](http://www.vim.org/) is a very efficient text editor. This reference was made for Vim 8.0.
  10  For shortcut notation, see `:help key-notation`.
  11 ---
  12
  13 Getting started
  14 ---------------
  15 {: .-three-column}
  16
  17 ### Exiting
  18 {: .-prime}
  19
  20 | Shortcut       | Description                      |
  21 | -------------- | -------------------------------- |
  22 | `:qa`          | Close all files                  |
  23 | `:qa!`         | Close all files, abandon changes |
  24 | ---            | ---                              |
  25 | `:w`           | Save                             |
  26 | `:wq` _/_ `:x` | Save and close file              |
  27 | ---            | ---                              |
  28 | `:q`           | Close file                       |
  29 | `:q!`          | Close file, abandon changes      |
  30 | ---            | ---                              |
  31 | `ZZ`           | Save and quit                    |
  32 | `ZQ`           | Quit without checking changes    |
  33 {: .-shortcuts}
  34
  35 ### Navigating
  36
  37 | Shortcut            | Description       |
  38 | ---                 | ---               |
  39 | `h` `j` `k` `l`     | Arrow keys        |
  40 | `<C-U>` _/_ `<C-D>` | Half-page up/down |
  41 | `<C-B>` _/_ `<C-F>` | Page up/down      |
  42 {: .-shortcuts}
  43
  44 #### Words
  45
  46 | Shortcut     | Description               |
  47 | ---          | ---                       |
  48 | `b` _/_ `w`  | Previous/next word        |
  49 | `ge` _/_ `e` | Previous/next end of word |
  50 {: .-shortcuts}
  51
  52 #### Line
  53
  54 | Shortcut     | Description                        |
  55 | ---          | ---                                |
  56 | `0` _(zero)_ | Start of line                      |
  57 | `^`          | Start of line _(after whitespace)_ |
  58 | `$`          | End of line                        |
  59 {: .-shortcuts}
  60
  61 #### Character
  62
  63 | `fc`  | Go forward to character `c`  |
  64 | `Fc`  | Go backward to character `c` |
  65 {: .-shortcuts}
  66
  67 #### Document
  68
  69 | Shortcut | Description    |
  70 | ---      | ---            |
  71 | `gg`     | First line     |
  72 | `G`      | Last line      |
  73 | `:n`     | Go to line `n` |
  74 | `nG`     | Go to line `n` |
  75 {: .-shortcuts}
  76
  77 #### Window
  78
  79 | Shortcut | Description              |
  80 | ---      | ---                      |
  81 | `zz`     | Center this line         |
  82 | `zt`     | Top this line            |
  83 | `zb`     | Bottom this line         |
  84 | `H`      | Move to top of screen    |
  85 | `M`      | Move to middle of screen |
  86 | `L`      | Move to bottom of screen |
  87 {: .-shortcuts}
  88
  89 #### Search
  90
  91 | Shortcut  | Description                         |
  92 | ---       | ---                                 |
  93 | `n`       | Next matching search pattern        |
  94 | `N`       | Previous match                      |
  95 | `*`       | Next whole word under cursor        |
  96 | `#`       | Previous whole word under cursor    |
  97 {: .-shortcuts}
  98
  99 #### Tab pages
 100
 101 | Shortcut              | Description                     |
 102 | ---                   | ---                             |
 103 | `:tabedit [file]`     | Edit file in a new tab          |
 104 | `:tabfind [file]`     | Open file if exists in new tab  |
 105 | `:tabclose`           | Close current tab               |
 106 | `:tabs`               | List all tabs                   |
 107 | `:tabfirst`           | Go to first tab                 |
 108 | `:tablast`            | Go to last tab                  |
 109 | `:tabn    `           | Go to next tab                  |
 110 | `:tabp    `           | Go to previous tab              |
 111
 112 ### Editing
 113
 114 | Shortcut | Description                         |
 115 | ---      | ---                                 |
 116 | `a`      | Append                              |
 117 | `A`      | Append from end of line             |
 118 | `i`      | Insert                              |
 119 | `o`      | Next line                           |
 120 | `O`      | Previous line                       |
 121 | ---      | ---                                 |
 122 | `s`      | Delete char and insert              |
 123 | `S`      | Delete line and insert              |
 124 | `C`      | Delete until end of line and insert |
 125 | ---      | ---                                 |
 126 | `r`      | Replace one character               |
 127 | `R`      | Enter Replace mode                  |
 128 | ---      | ---                                 |
 129 | `u`      | Undo changes                        |
 130 | `<C-R>`  | Redo changes                        |
 131 {: .-shortcuts}
 132
 133 ### Exiting insert mode
 134
 135 | Shortcut          | Description |
 136 | ---               | ---         |
 137 | `Esc` _/_ `<C-[>` | Exit insert mode |
 138 | `<C-C>`           | Exit insert mode, and abort current command |
 139 {: .-shortcuts}
 140
 141 ### Clipboard
 142
 143 | Shortcut        | Description                 |
 144 | ---             | ---                         |
 145 | `x`             | Delete character            |
 146 | ---             | ---                         |
 147 | `dd`            | Delete line _(Cut)_         |
 148 | `yy`            | Yank line _(Copy)_          |
 149 | ---             | ---                         |
 150 | `p`             | Paste                       |
 151 | `P`             | Paste before                |
 152 | ---             | ---                         |
 153 | `"*p` _/_ `"+p` | Paste from system clipboard |
 154 | `"*y` _/_ `"+y` | Paste to system clipboard   |
 155 {: .-shortcuts}
 156
 157 ### Visual mode
 158
 159 | Shortcut | Description             |
 160 | ---      | ---                     |
 161 | `v`      | Enter visual mode       |
 162 | `V`      | Enter visual line mode  |
 163 | `<C-V>`  | Enter visual block mode |
 164 {: .-shortcuts}
 165
 166 #### In visual mode
 167
 168 | Shortcut    | Description             |
 169 | ---         | ---                     |
 170 | `d` _/_ `x` | Delete selection        |
 171 | `s`         | Replace selection       |
 172 | `y`         | Yank selection _(Copy)_ |
 173 {: .-shortcuts}
 174
 175 See [Operators](#operators) for other things you can do.
 176
 177 Operators
 178 ---------
 179 {: .-three-column}
 180
 181 ### Usage
 182 {: .-prime}
 183
 184 Operators let you operate in a range of text (defined by *motion*). These are performed in normal mode.
 185 {: .-setup}
 186
 187 | `d`      | `w`    |
 188 | Operator | Motion |
 189 {: .-css-breakdown}
 190
 191 ### Operators list
 192
 193 | Shortcut | Description                     |
 194 | ---      | ---                             |
 195 | `d`      | Delete                          |
 196 | `y`      | Yank _(copy)_                   |
 197 | `c`      | Change _(delete then insert)_   |
 198 | ---      | ---                             |
 199 | `>`      | Indent right                    |
 200 | `<`      | Indent left                     |
 201 | `=`      | Autoindent                      |
 202 | ---      | ---                             |
 203 | `g~`     | Swap case                       |
 204 | `gU`     | Uppercase                       |
 205 | `gu`     | Lowercase                       |
 206 | ---      | ---                             |
 207 | `!`      | Filter through external program |
 208 {: .-shortcuts}
 209
 210 See `:help operator`
 211
 212 ### Examples
 213
 214 Combine operators with *motions* to use them.
 215 {: .-setup}
 216
 217 | Shortcut               | Description                               |
 218 | ---                    | ---                                       |
 219 | `d`_d_                 | _(repeat the letter)_ Delete current line |
 220 | `d`_w_                 | Delete to next word                       |
 221 | `d`_b_                 | Delete to beginning of word               |
 222 | _2_`dd`                | Delete 2 lines                            |
 223 | `d`_ip_                | Delete a text object _(inside paragraph)_ |
 224 | _(in visual mode)_ `d` | Delete selection                          |
 225
 226 See: `:help motion.txt`
 227
 228 Text objects
 229 ------------
 230 {: .-three-column}
 231
 232 ### Usage
 233 {: .-prime}
 234
 235 Text objects let you operate (with an *operator*) in or around text blocks (*objects*).
 236 {: .-setup}
 237
 238 | `v`      | `i`                  | `p`         |
 239 | Operator | [i]nside or [a]round | Text object |
 240 {: .-css-breakdown}
 241
 242 ### Text objects
 243
 244 | Shortcut               | Description           |
 245 | ---                    | ---                   |
 246 | `p`                    | Paragraph             |
 247 | `w`                    | Word                  |
 248 | `s`                    | Sentence              |
 249 | ---                    | ---                   |
 250 | `[` `(` `{` `<`        | A [], (), or {} block |
 251 | `'` `"` <code>`</code> | A quoted string       |
 252 | ---                    | ---                   |
 253 | `b`                    | A block [(            |
 254 | `B`                    | A block in [{         |
 255 | `t`                    | A XML tag block       |
 256 {: .-shortcuts}
 257
 258 ### Examples
 259
 260 | Shortcut    | Description                        |
 261 | ---         | ---                                |
 262 | `vip`       | Select paragraph                   |
 263 | `vipipipip` | Select more                        |
 264 | ---         | ---                                |
 265 | `yip`       | Yank inner paragraph               |
 266 | `yap`       | Yank paragraph (including newline) |
 267 | ---         | ---                                |
 268 | `dip`       | Delete inner paragraph             |
 269 | `cip`       | Change inner paragraph             |
 270 {: .-shortcuts}
 271
 272 See [Operators](#operators) for other things you can do.
 273
 274 ### Diff
 275
 276 | Shortcut                             | Description                              |
 277 | ---                                  | ---                                      |
 278 | `gvimdiff file1 file2 [file3]`       | See differences between files, in HMI    |
 279
 280
 281 Misc
 282 ----
 283
 284 ### Folds
 285
 286 | Shortcut      | Description                  |
 287 | ---           | ---                          |
 288 | `zo` _/_ `zO` | Open                         |
 289 | `zc` _/_ `zC` | Close                        |
 290 | `za` _/_ `zA` | Toggle                       |
 291 | ---           | ---                          |
 292 | `zv`          | Open folds for this line     |
 293 | ---           | ---                          |
 294 | `zM`          | Close all                    |
 295 | `zR`          | Open all                     |
 296 | ---           | ---                          |
 297 | `zm`          | Fold more _(foldlevel += 1)_ |
 298 | `zr`          | Fold less _(foldlevel -= 1)_ |
 299 | ---           | ---                          |
 300 | `zx`          | Update folds                 |
 301 {: .-shortcuts}
 302
 303 Uppercase ones are recursive (eg, `zO` is open recursively).
 304
 305 ### Navigation
 306
 307 | Shortcut            | Description                |
 308 | ---                 | ---                        |
 309 | `%`                 | Nearest/matching `{[()]}`  |
 310 | `[(` `[{` `[<`      | Previous `(` or `{` or `<` |
 311 | `])`                | Next                       |
 312 | ---                 | ---                        |
 313 | `[m`                | Previous method start      |
 314 | `[M`                | Previous method end        |
 315 {: .-shortcuts}
 316
 317 ### Jumping
 318
 319 | Shortcut | Description                  |
 320 | ---      | ---                          |
 321 | `<C-O>`  | Go back to previous location |
 322 | `<C-I>`  | Go forward                   |
 323 | ---      | ---                          |
 324 | `gf`     | Go to file in cursor         |
 325 {: .-shortcuts}
 326
 327 ### Counters
 328
 329 | Shortcut | Description      |
 330 | ---      | ---              |
 331 | `<C-A>`  | Increment number |
 332 | `<C-X>`  | Decrement        |
 333 {: .-shortcuts}
 334
 335 ### Windows
 336
 337 | `z{height}<Cr>` | Resize pane to `{height}` lines tall |
 338
 339 ### Tags
 340
 341 | Shortcut              | Description                                     |
 342 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 343 | `:tag Classname`      | Jump to first definition of Classname           |
 344 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 345 | `<C-]>`               | Jump to definition                              |
 346 | `g]`                  | See all definitions                             |
 347 | `<C-T>`               | Go back to last tag                             |
 348 | `<C-O> <C-I>`         | Back/forward                                    |
 349 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 350 | `:tselect Classname`  | Find definitions of Classname                   |
 351 | `:tjump Classname`    | Find definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st) |
 352 {: .-shortcuts}
 353
 354 ### Case
 355
 356 | Shortcut | Description                          |
 357 | ---      | ---                                  |
 358 | `~`      | Toggle case (Case => cASE)           |
 359 | `gU`     | Uppercase                            |
 360 | `gu`     | Lowercase                            |
 361 | ---      | ---                                  |
 362 | `gUU`    | Uppercase current line (also `gUgU`) |
 363 | `guu`    | Lowercase current line (also `gugu`) |
 364 {: .-shortcuts}
 365
 366 Do these in visual or normal mode.
 367
 368 ### Marks
 369
 370 | Shortcut           | Description                                          |
 371 | ---                | ---                                                  |
 372 | <code>`^</code>    | Last position of cursor in insert mode               |
 373 | <code>`.</code>    | Last change in current buffer                        |
 374 | <code>`"</code>    | Last exited current buffer                           |
 375 | <code>`0</code>    | In last file edited                                  |
 376 | <code>''</code>    | Back to line in current buffer where jumped from     |
 377 | <code>``</code>    | Back to position in current buffer where jumped from |
 378 | <code>`[</code>    | To beginning of previously changed or yanked text    |
 379 | <code>`]</code>    | To end of previously changed or yanked text          |
 380 | <code>`&lt;</code> | To beginning of last visual selection                |
 381 | <code>`&gt;</code> | To end of last visual selection                      |
 382 | ---                | ---                                                  |
 383 | `ma`               | Mark this cursor position as `a`                     |
 384 | <code>`a</code>    | Jump to the cursor position `a`                      |
 385 | `'a`               | Jump to the beginning of the line with position `a`  |
 386 | <code>d'a</code>   | Delete from current line to line of mark `a`         |
 387 | <code>d`a</code>   | Delete from current position to position of mark `a` |
 388 | <code>c'a</code>   | Change text from current line to line of `a`         |
 389 | <code>y`a</code>   | Yank text from current position to position of `a`   |
 390 | ---                | ---                                                  |
 391 | `:marks`           | List all current marks                               |
 392 | `:delm a`          | Delete mark `a`                                      |
 393 | `:delm a-d`        | Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`, `d`                      |
 394 | `:delm abc`        | Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`                           |
 395 {: .-shortcuts}
 396
 397 ### Misc
 398
 399 | Shortcut   | Description                                       |
 400 | ---        | ---                                               |
 401 | `.`        | Repeat last command                               |
 402 | `]p`       | Paste under the current indentation level         |
 403 | ---        | ---                                               |
 404 | `:set ff=unix` | Convert Windows line endings to Unix line endings |
 405 {: .-shortcuts}
 406
 407 ### Command line
 408
 409 | Shortcut     | Description                               |
 410 | ---          | ---                                       |
 411 | `<C-R><C-W>` | Insert current word into the command line |
 412 | `<C-R>"`     | Paste from " register                     |
 413 | `<C-X><C-F>` | Auto-completion of path in insert mode    |
 414 {: .-shortcuts}
 415
 416 ### Text alignment
 417
 418     :center [width]
 419     :right [width]
 420     :left
 421
 422 See `:help formatting`
 423
 424 ### Calculator
 425
 426 | Shortcut      | Description                               |
 427 | ---           | ---                                       |
 428 | `<C-R>=128/2` | Shows the result of the division : '64'   |
 429
 430 Do this in insert mode.
 431
 432 ### Exiting with an error
 433
 434     :cq
 435     :cquit
 436
 437 Works like `:qa`, but throws an error. Great for aborting Git commands.
 438
 439
 440 ### Spell checking
 441
 442 | Shortcut                     | Description                                             |
 443 | ---                          | ---                                                     |
 444 | `:set spell spelllang=en_us` | Turn on US English spell checking                       |
 445 | `]s`                         | Move to next misspelled word after the cursor           |
 446 | `[s`                         | Move to previous misspelled word before the cursor      |
 447 | `z=`                         | Suggest spellings for the word under/after the cursor   |
 448 | `zg`                         | Add word to spell list                                  |
 449 | `zw`                         | Mark word as bad/mispelling                             |
 450 | `zu` / `C-X (Insert Mode)`   | Suggest words for bad word under cursor from spellfile  |
 451 {: .-shortcuts}
 452
 453 See `:help spell`
 454
 455
 456 Also see
 457 --------
 458
 459 - [Vim cheatsheet](https://vim.rtorr.com/) _(vim.rotrr.com)_
 460 - [Vim documentation](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/) _(vimdoc.sourceforge.net)_
 461 - [Interactive Vim tutorial](http://openvim.com/) _(openvim.com)_